Physical activity can be defined as every movement of the locomotor system involving an increase of 

Physical activity can be defined as every movement of the locomotor system involving an increase of the energy spent and a physiological response affecting the skeletal muscle and the cardiovascular, respiratory and endocrine systems.

Given that, the skin is the largest organ of the human body: it is natural that physiological responses to physical activity or exercise affect it.

Sweating production takes place in the eccrine sweat glands, which are the most functionally important thermoregulatory organ. They are the most abundant glands (2 to 3 millions) and are distributed all over the skin, except the ears and the muco-cutaneous transition areas. They are more concentrated on the hand palms, forehead and armpits, and are much more scarce on the back and the limbs.

Eccrine sweat is mainly composed by water (99%), ions (same ions than in plasma though in smaller concentrations) and solutes (Na+, Cl-, K+, lactate, urea, proteins, lipids, amino acids, calcium, phosphorus and iron). Its pH is about 4.5 y 5.5.

Regarding the causes of sweating, it is fully demonstrated that not only intense physical exercise elicits sweat production, but some daily life situations and behaviours also act as sweating stimuli: thermal stimuli (they occur because of an increment in the central temperature - fever - or the environmental temperature); emotional stimuli (anxiety, fear, pain); gustatory stimuli (different foods, mainly the spicy ones, are able to produce a sweating response on the face).

PRONALEN SPORT RE-ENERGIZER by Provital Group is a marine active obtained from the water-soluble fraction of the algae Enteromorpha compressa (L.) Nees, harvested during summer, when it contains optimal carbohydrate levels, especially an important fraction of oligosaccharides.

It is a botanical osmoregulator designed for improving and, in some extreme cases, reinforcing the skin homeostasis, in such a way that the own epidermal cell mechanisms may auto-regulate and re-balance the situation.

The homeostasis mechanism can be defined as the “set of auto-regulatory phenomena leading to the maintenance of constant composition and properties of the epidermal intracellular and extracellular media”.

The oligosaccharide fraction of PRONALEN SPORT RE-ENERGIZER:

- creates a structure able to retain water and Na+ avoiding its loss during sweating, thus re-balancing the extracellular Na+ concentration;

- regulates the normal intracellular K+ concentration;

- modifyies the Ca2+ levels so as to re-balance its extracellular concentration.

In vivo tests confirmed that the application of PRONALEN SPORT RE-ENERGIZER exerts a strong restorative action of homeostasis in situations of daily or heavy physical activity, with the added benefit of being a moisturizing and refreshing agent.

PRONALEN SPORT RE-ENERGIZER may be added to different products designed for daily physical activity (moisturizing, nourishing, anti-aging, revitalizing, hair products, antiperspirants, after-shave, post-peeling, post-depilatory products) and intense physical activity (products designed for sports, beach, snow and mountain activities).

PRONALEN SPORT RE-ENERGIZER by Provital is distribited in Italiy by Giusto Faravelli SpA. For info: cosmetico@faravelli.it